Keraton Surakarta or full Java language is called the Palace in Surakarta is Kasunanan Surakarta palace. This palace was founded by His Majesty Pakubuwono II (Sunan PB II) in 1744 as a replacement for the Palace / Palace Kartasura who ravaged by Geger Chinatown 1743. Last palace of Mataram kingdom was established in the village of Sala (Solo), a small port on the west bank of the Bengawan (river) Concrete / Sala. After the official palace of the kingdom of Mataram was completed, the village name was changed to Surakarta Sultanate. The palace was also a silent witness to the handover of sovereignty by Sunan PB Mataram Kingdom II to the VOC in the year 1749. After Giyanti Agreement in 1755, the palace was later used as an official palace for Kasunanan Surakarta.
Architectural splendor
Keraton (Palace) Surakarta is one of the buildings of the exotic in his day. One architect of this palace is Mangkubumi Prince (later the title of Sultan Hamengkubuwono I) which is also the main architect of Sultan Palace. It is therefore not surprising that the basic pattern of spatial two palaces (the Yogyakarta and Surakarta) have many common similarities. Keraton Surakarta as can be witnessed today was not built simultaneously in 1744-45, but was built in stages by maintaining basic spatial patterns that remain the same as initially. Development and large-scale restoration carried out by His Majesty last Pakubuwono X (Sunan PB X) that reigned from 1893 to 1939. Much of this palace shades of white and blue with a mixture of Javanese-style arsitekrur Europe.
In general, the division of the palace include: Complex Alun-alun Lor / North, Sasana Sumewa Complex, Complex Sitihinggil Lor / North, Complex Kamandungan Lor / North, Sri Manganti Complex, Complex Kedhaton, Kamagangan Complex, Complex Srimanganti South / South (?) And Kemandungan South / South and South Sitihinggil Complex and the South square. This palace complex is also surrounded by baluwarti, a defensive wall with a height of about three to five meters long and about one meter thick without a bridge. These walls enclose an area with a rectangular shape. Wide area measuring approximately five hundred yards long and about seven hundred yards. Palace complex within the walls is from Kemandungan Lor / Kemandungan North to the South / South. Both complex and Square Sitihinggil no defensive walls surrounded it.
Complex Square Lor / North
This complex includes Gladhag, Pangurakan, North Square and the Great Mosque of Surakarta. Gladhag now known as the crossroad of Jalan Slamet Riyadi Gladhag in Surakarta, in ancient times used as a tie game that was captured from the forest. The square is a place to hold royal ceremonies that involve the people. In addition alunmenjadi square-king meeting place and its people. On the edge of the square planted with a number of banyan trees. In the middle of the square plaza, there are two banyan trees (Ficus Benjamina; Family Moraceae) is given a fence. Both of these trees is called K. Sengkeran (harifah: banyan locked) which are named Dewodaru and Joyodaru. In the west north of the square stands the Mosque Ageng (Masjid Raya) of Surakarta. The mosque is a mosque official botanical kingdom and founded by His Majesty Pakubuwono III (Sunan PB III) in 1750 (Kasunanan Surakarta is an Islamic empire). The main building consists of the upper foyer and main mosque.
Complex and complex Sasana Sumewa Sitihinggil Lor / North
Sumewa Sasana is the main building leading the way in Surakarta palace. This place in his day used as a place for meetings with the retainer (upper middle officials) in an official royal ceremonies. In this complex there are a number of cannon of them was named Kyai Kyai Pancawura or Broom Universe. Cannon was made in the reign of Sultan Agung. To the south there is a complex Sitihinggil Sumewa Sasana.
Sitihinggil is a complex built on higher ground than surrounding areas. The complex has two gates, one to the north called Kori Wijil and one in the south, called by Kori Renteng. On the stairs Sitihinggil north there is a stone that is used as a place of beheading Trunajaya called Selo Pamecat.
The main building in the complex is Sasana Sewayana Sitihinggil used by the authorities in the kingdom to attend the ceremony. In addition there Manguntur Tangkil Ward, where the throne of His Majesty, and Ward Witono, where funeral Heritage Greatness of the Kingdom during the ceremony. Ward the latter had a small building in the middle called Bale Krobongan Manguneng, where funeral heritage palace Kangjeng Setomi Nyai, a cannon that allegedly seized by soldiers from the VOC of Mataram when invaded Batavia. Outer side of the east-south-west is a complex Sitihinggil public roads that can be traversed by the public who called with Supit Urang (literally = claw shrimp).
Complex Kemandungan Lor / North
Kori Kamandungan Kemandungan seen from the courtyard in front Roto Lor with Bale and Stage Support the Buwana towering in the background.
Kori Brajanala (brojonolo) or pinchers Kori is the main entrance gate from the north into the northern Kemandungan page. Gate is both a gateway Cepuri (within the palace complex which is surrounded by a wall of the palace called baluwarti) urang sapit road that connects the palace with a courtyard. This gate was built by His Majesty Pakubuwono Semar Tinandu III style. On the right side and the left (west and east) from the inside there Brajanala Kori Ward Wisomarto guard palace guard spot. In addition to the east of this gate there is a bell tower. In the midst of this complex there are only a blank page. The building contained in this complex is only at the edge of the page. From this page also can be seen a magnificent tower called Support the Buwana Stage (Stage Songgo Lane) located in the next complex, Complex Sri Manganti.
Complex Sri Manganti
To enter the complex from the north must pass through a gate called Kori Kamandungan. On the right side and left front gate shades of blue and white there are two statues. On the right side and left side of the door and have a large mirror above it there is a decoration consisting of arms and flag are the symbol of the middle kingdom. These ornaments called Gulo Bendero Klopo. In Sri Manganti page there are two main buildings of the Ward and Ward Smarakatha Marcukundha west to the east.
In his ward Smarakatha used to facing employees with the rank of middle to upper Regent Lebet upward. This place is also a place of acceptance of promotion of senior officials. Now this place used to practice dancing and a performer. Marcukundha ward in his day used to facing the officers soldiers, for promotion of employees and junior officers, and where to impose sentence for the king's relatives. Now this place to store Krobongan Madirenggo, a place for ritual circumcision / Kitan the son of His Majesty.
On the southwest side of the Ward Marcukundha there is an octagonal tower called Stage Support the Buwana. Tower has a height of about three dozen meters is actually located in two pages at a time, pages and pages of Sri Manganti Kedhaton. However, the main door is located on the page Kedhaton.
Kori Sri Manganti be a door to enter the complex Kedhaton from the north. The gate was built by His Majesty Pakubuwono IV in 1792 is also called the Kori Ageng. The building has close links with Pangung Support the Buwana philosophically. The door that has a style Tinandu Semar is used to wait for official guests of the kingdom. The right and left door has a mirror and a decorative over the door. Kedhaton pages covered with black sand from the south coast and covered by a variety of rare trees, among others, 76 Kecik Sapodilla tree (Manilkara kauki; Family Sapotaceae). Also this page is also decorated with European-style statues. This complex has a main building including the Sasana Sewaka, nDalem Ageng Prabasuyasa, Sasana Handrawina, and Stage Support the Buwana.
Sasana Sewaka heritage building was originally a palace Kartasura gazebo. This place never experienced a fire in 1985. In this building also Susuhunan enthroned in majesty royal ceremonies such as Garebeg and the king's birthday. In the west there are Sasana Parasdya Sasana, a peringgitan. In the west there are nDalem Ageng Sasana Parasdya Prabasuyasa. This place is the core and most important buildings from around the Palace of Surakarta Sultanate. This is where buried heirlooms and also the throne of the king who became a symbol of empire. At this location is also a king swore when it began to reign before the coronation ceremony in front of an audience in Sitihinggil north
The next building is Handrawina Sasana. This place used as a royal banquet. This building is now commonly used as a seminar and gala dinner of foreign visitors who come to the city of Solo. Another major building is Stage Support the Buwana. The tower was used as a place of meditation as well as to oversee the fort Susuhunan VOC / Dutch East Indies, not far from the palace. Which has a five-story building is also used to see the position of the moon to determine the beginning of a month. At the peak of the roof top there are the ornaments that symbolize the years the building of the oldest towers in the city of Surakarta.
Kedhaton complex west is a place closed to the general public and forbidden to be published so as not many people know the real certainty. This region is the official residence of the king and royal family are still used today.
Magangan complexes, and Sri Manganti, Kemandungan, and Sitihinggil Kidul (South)
Magangan complex formerly used by the prospective employee of the kingdom. In this place there is a gazebo in the middle of the page. The next two complexes, Sri Manganti South / South and South Kemandungan / South is just a page that is used when the king's funeral and the empress. Final complex, including Sitihinggil south plaza south, has a small building. This complex is now used to maintain the heritage palace in the form of an albino buffalo called Kyai Slamet
Cultural Heritage (Cultural Heritage)
Guests at the grand event into a four Pisowanan Dalem Agung Tingalan Jumenengan SISKS. Pako Boewono XIII
Besides having the Keraton Surakarta grandeur of the building also has a priceless cultural heritage. Diantarannya are traditional ceremonies, sacred dances, music, and heritage (Heirloom). Is the famous ceremonial Garebeg, Sekaten ceremony, and ceremony Night One Suro. The ceremony which dates back to this kingdom until now is still being implemented and is Indonesia's cultural heritage should be protected from claims of foreigners.
Garebeg
Garebeg administered three times in a calendar year / Javanese calendar which is on Mulud twelve months (third month), the date one month of Sawal (tenth month) and the tenth month of the Great (twelfth month). On the day that day the king issued donate as the embodiment of gratitude to God for the prosperity of the kingdom. Charity, called the Hajad Dalem, a pareden / mountains consisting of mountains and mountains Kakung estri (male and female).
Kakung mound shaped like a cone beheaded with a slightly rounded upper edge. Most of these mountains consist of vegetables are green beans coupled with red chili, duck eggs, and some other dry food supplies. On the right and left sides fitted with a series of flag Indonesia is small in size. Estri mound shaped like flower baskets filled with flower arrangements. Largely composed of dry food made from glutinous rice and rice-shaped circle and pointed. Mountains of Indonesia is also decorated with small flags next to it
Sekaten
Sekaten is a royal ceremony held for seven days. It is said the origin of this ceremony since the kingdom of Demak. This ceremony is actually a celebration of the birthday of Prophet Muhammad. According to folklore Sekaten word creed comes from the term in Islam, Syahadatain. Sekaten begins with the release of two devices Sekati Gamelan, Kyai Kyai Guntursari Gunturmadu and, from the palace to be placed in front of the Great Mosque of Surakarta. For six days, starting on the sixth until the eleventh month in Javanese calendar Mulud, both devices gamelan is played / sounded (Jw: beating) marks the celebration sekaten. Finally on the seventh day of the ceremony closed with the discharge Gunungan Mulud. Currently in addition to such traditional ceremonies are also held an evening market that began a month before the actual solemnization sekaten.
Mubeng Beteng carnival for or Night One Suro
Suro one night in the Java community is a celebration of new year according to the Javanese calendar. Night began to fall one suro sunset on the last day the last calendar month of Java (Large 30/29) until the rising of the sun on the first day of the first month of next year (1 Suro). In Surakarta Palace ceremony was celebrated with the Carnival Mubeng Beteng (processions Surrounding Fort Palace). The ceremony begins with the complex Kemandungan Brojonolo then north through the gate around the entire area of the palace with the opposite direction in a clockwise direction and end up in the north Kemandungan page. In this procession heritage palace into the main part and is positioned in the front row and then followed the princes palace, employees and ultimately the public. A unique is placed at the forefront in the form of a flock of heirloom albino buffalo named Kyai Slamet is always the center of public attention ..
Heritage (Heirloom) and sacred dances
Sacred dance Bedhoyo Ketawang
Keraton Surakarta has a number of royal treasures include a collection of the king's throne, gamelan music devices and collection of weapons. Among the collection is the gamelan Kyai Kyai Gunturmadu Guntursari and who only played / sounded at the time of the ceremony Sekaten. In addition to having heritage Surakarta palace also has a unique dances that are only performed at certain ceremonies. As an example of sacred dance is performed Bedaya Ketawang king at his coronation.
Stakeholders Javanese Surakarta
Surakarta palace was originally a palace Institute (Imperial House) in charge of the king and the royal family as well as its administrative Kesunanan Surakarta. After Kesunanan Surakarta removed by the Indonesian government declared in 1946, the role of the Surakarta palace as nothing more than Java, especially Indigenous Stakeholders line / style of Surakarta. Similarly, His Majesty no longer play a role in the affairs of state as a king dala political sense but rather as Throne Yang Pertuan Indigenous Stakeholders, leader of the informal culture. The function of the palace was turned into protectors and guardians of cultural identity, especially Java, Surakarta style. Even with a limited function in the informal sector but the Surakarta palace still has the charisma of its own in the Java community, especially in the former area Kesunanan Surakarta. In addition Surakarta palace also gave honorary knighthood (honoriscausa) in those who have the attention to culture, especially Javanese Surakarta, in addition to those who qualify by blood or because of their position as a civil (court employees) palace
Struggle for the throne Kasunanan Surakata
After the death of Sri Pakubuwana XII on June 11, 2004, a struggle for the throne between Prince Hangabehi (first son) Prince Tejowulan view, each of which claim to be Pakubuwana XIII. hangabehi feel has the legitimacy to the throne because he is the son of the first man, while Tejowulan argued that Pakubuwana XII had declared in writing that Tejowulanlah who will replace him. This conflict is not over and is in the status quo.
Scramble power still not finished is initially quite confusing soloraya community, but over time if there is announcement of the public that this is reasonable in a power struggle. until now the two kings still run more or less the same functions as organizing tingalan jumenengan. the difference is sinuwun hangabehi held in the palace and held in Ndalem sinuwun tedjowulan wuryaningratan. Another thing the same is the second king also gave his title to the subjects and figures, such as Sutiyoso by Sinuwun Tdejowulan and Manohara by Sinuwun Hangabehi.
Philosophy and mythology surrounding the palace
Every name and ceremonial buildings, building form and ceremonial objects, the location of buildings, as well as a ceremonial procession in the palace has a philosophy of meaning or significance of each. But the really unfortunate meanings are not many people know and less attention. Some of them will be shown in the following paragraphs.
Large mirror on the right and left Kori Kemadungan mengadung meaning introspection. The name itself comes from the word Kemandungan mandung that have meaning to stop. Marcukundha ward name comes from the word which means fire and Marcu kundho which means the container / space, and Marcukundho symbolizes a prayer / hope. The stage tower is a symbol Buwana Support the linga and Kori Sri Manganti to the west is the symbol of Yoni. Symbol Linga-Yoni in the Java community is believed to be a symbol of fertility. In Garebeg known by the alms of the king of the mountains. These mountains symbolize the mountainous alms.
In addition Surakarta palace also has a mystical and myth and legend that developed in the community. Like the philosophical meaning of the vanished, mythical legends and myths and even this is also increasingly disappearing. As one example is the belief some people in the mountains fighting Garebeg. They believe that parts of the mountains can bring good luck in the form of either financial or otherwise.
In addition there are legends about the age of Nagari Surakarta. When the palace is built up of a prophecy that the kingdom of Surakarta only will prevail over two hundred years. After two hundred years of the king's power will only be as wide as the flowering of an umbrella (Jw: nggowo sak megare payung). Even this legend as approved by the reality of the matter. If the placement is calculated from the palace officially in 1745 / 6 then two hundred years later, in 1945 Indonesia became independent power Kesusnanan actually declined. A year later in 1946 Kesunanan Surakarta completely removed and the power of His Majesty completely exhausted and only stayed for close relatives only.
sumber: WiKi
visit the city of art and culture
Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia
